HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current)

A power transmission technology using direct current (DC), which flows continuously in one direction — unlike the reversing current of AC systems. HVDC converts AC to DC using power electronics (thyristor-based line-commutated converters or newer voltage-source converters) for transmission, then inverts back to AC at the receiving end. HVDC is economical for very long overhead lines (typically beyond 600 km), long submarine or underground cable links, and asynchronous interconnections between separate AC grids (such as the Eastern and Western Interconnections of North America). Because DC lines carry no reactive power and have no inherent stability angle limits, HVDC links can transfer more power per conductor than equivalent AC lines and provide precise, bidirectional power flow control.

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