FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems)

A family of power-electronics-based devices and controllers that enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability of AC transmission systems beyond what is achievable with conventional passive equipment. FACTS controllers include shunt devices (SVC, STATCOM), series devices (TCSC, SSSC), and combined shunt-series devices (UPFC). By dynamically controlling impedance, voltage, and power angle, FACTS devices allow operators to redirect overloaded power flows to underloaded paths, increase stability limits, suppress oscillations, and maximize utilization of existing transmission infrastructure without building new lines.

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