1935 · Milestone
Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA)
Passed alongside the Federal Power Act, PUHCA broke up sprawling utility holding-company trusts and gave the SEC broad oversight of electric and gas corporate structures—shaping U.S. utility monopolies until repeal in the 2005 Energy Policy Act.
Historical era
Coal ascendancy (1885–1949)
Coal powered railroads, factories, and—after the 1880s—rapidly expanding electric utilities.